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Objective:To evaluate the effect of prevention and control measures to drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Qingdao, and to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies.Methods:From 2019 to 2021, a full coverage surveillance was carried out in 1 146 villages in 7 drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Qingdao, including the operation status of the water improvement and fluoride reduction project, the water fluoride content in the villages, and the prevalence of dental fluorosis among children aged 8-12 years.Results:From 2019 to 2021, all the 1 146 affected villages in Qingdao had improved their water supply, and the rates of water fluoride exceeding the standard were 7.16% (82/1 146), 1.40% (16/1 146) and 3.84% (44/1 146), respectively, and the differences between years were statistically significant (χ 2 = 48.36, P < 0.001). The detection rates of dental fluorosis in children aged 8-12 years were 3.11% (803/25 856), 2.68% (629/23 460) and 3.00% (655/21 846), respectively, and the differences between years were statistically significant (χ 2 = 8.26, P = 0.016). The detection rate of dental fluorosis among children in villages with qualified water fluoride (2.85%, 1 986/69 565) was lower than that in villages with excessive water fluoride (6.32%, 101/1 597), with a statistically significant difference (χ 2 = 67.74, P < 0.001). Conclusions:From 2019 to 2021, the effect of prevention and control measures to drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Qingdao is significant and the detection rate of dental fluorosis in children is low, the detection rate of dental fluorosis in villages with qualified water fluoride is significantly lower than that in villages with excessive water fluoride. In the future, we should continue to strengthen water fluoride monitoring and engineering maintenance to ensure that the water fluoride content continues to be qualified and effectively reduce the harm of fluorosis.
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Objective:To investigate the iodine nutritional status of children in Qingdao City and the effects of prevention and treatment measures on iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), and to provide a scientific basis for guiding residents to scientifically supplement iodine, taking timely targeted prevention and control measures, and scientifically adjusting intervention strategies.Methods:According to "National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Surveillance Program (2016 edition)" and "Iodine Deficiency Disorders Surveillance Program of Shandong Province", from 2018 to 2020, using the cluster sampling method, children aged 8-10 years in Qingdao City were chosen to test their household salt iodine content and random urinary iodine content, and to examine their thyroid volume by B-ultrasonography, and the correlation between thyroid volume and physical development indexes was analyzed.Results:From 2018 to 2020, a total of 6 057 children were monitored, including 3 068 boys and 2 989 girls. The median of salt iodine and iodized salt iodine of children was 23.50 and 24.10 mg/kg. The qualified rate of iodized salt was 89.95% (4 832/5 372), the coverage rate of iodized salt was 88.69% (5 372/6 057), and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 79.78% (4 832/6 057). There were significant differences in the qualified rate of iodized salt, the coverage rate of iodized salt and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt between different years (χ 2 = 135.26, 314.71, 342.87, P < 0.001). A total of 6 057 urine samples were collected from children, and the median of urinary iodine was 193.92 μg/L, of which 16.2% (979/6 057) were < 100 μg/L, and 22.5% (1 361/6 057) were ≥300 μg/L. There were statistically significant differences in the medians of urinary iodine between different years, gender and whether eating iodized salt ( H/Z = 37.25,-3.89,-5.69, P < 0.001), the median of urinary iodine in boys was higher than that of girls, and the median of urinary iodine in eating iodized salt group was higher than that of eating non-iodized salt group. There was no significant difference in the median of urinary iodine between different age ( H = 4.33, P = 0.119). The rate of goiter in children was 3.45% (71/2 057), and the difference between different years was statistically significant (χ 2 = 42.68, P < 0.001). The incidence of goiter in 2020 [7.31% (45/616)] was significantly higher than that in 2018 and 2019 [2.81% (18/641), 1.00% (8/800), P < 0.001]. Thyroid volume of children was positively correlated with height and weight ( r = 0.20, 0.22, P < 0.001). Conclusions:The iodine nutritional level of children aged 8-10 years in Qingdao City is appropriate. However, the incidence of goiter in children in some years is relatively high. The qualified rate of iodized salt, the coverage rate of iodized salt and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt are all lower than the national standard for elimination of IDD, which should be paid attention to.
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Objective:To assess the operation and usage conditions of all water improvement projects in Qingdao, master the water fluoride content and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis villages, evaluate the prevention and control effect of water improvement project.Methods:From April to October in 2020, all drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis villages in 7 cities (districts) of Qingdao were selected to investigate the operation and usage conditions of water improvement project, water fluoride and prevalence of dental fluorosis of 8 to 12 years old children. The prevention and control effect of water improvement project on drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Qingdao was evaluated according to the control contents and criteria of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis.Results:There were 1 146 drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis villages, the water improved rate of villages was 100.00% (1 146/1 146), the rate of normal operation of water improvement project was 99.91% (1 145/1 146). There were 1 130 villages with qualified water fluoride and the qualified rate was 98.60% (1 130/1 146). A total of 23 473 children aged 8 - 12 years old were examined, and 631 children were detected with dental fluorosis. The detection rate of dental fluorosis was 2.69% (631/23 473), the dental fluorosis index was 0.048, and the prevalence was negative. The detection rate of dental fluorosis of children in villages with excessive water fluoride (7.03%, 40/569) was higher than that in villages with qualified water fluoride (2.58%, 591/22 904, χ 2 = 41.235, P < 0.01). Conclusion:The operation and usage conditions of water improvement projects in 7 drinking- water-borne endemic fluorosis cities (districts) in Qingdao are good, and the detection rate of dental fluorosis in children is low, which has reached the national control standard.
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Objective:To explore the effect of cupping therapy on regulating phlegm dampness constitution of elderly patients with hypertension in the community.Methods:From August to November in 2019, 120 elderly patients with phlegm dampness hypertension were randomly divided into control group and intervention group, 60 cases in each. The control group was given traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) health care in the community, and the intervention group was given cupping therapy intervention on this basis, to evaluate the changes of the scores of TCM phlegm wet body mass table, the total score reduction rate of TCM phlegm wet body mass, the conversion rate of TCM phlegm wet body mass, blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference between the two groups before the intervention, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months after the intervention.Results:Finally, there were 51 cases in the intervention group and 57 cases in the control group. The TCM phlegm dampness constitution sub-scale and total scores of the comparison between groups at four different time points showed that except for the dimension of abdominal hypertrophy, the sub-scale and total scores of TCM phlegm-dampness constitution scale in the two groups were lower than before, and the differences were statistically significant ( F values were 3.450-94.995, P<0.05). The total score reduction rate of phlegm dampness constitution in the intervention group was 0.17 ± 0.10, higher than that in the control group (0.12 ± 0.09), and the difference was statistically significant ( t value was - 2.773, P < 0.05). The transformation rate of phlegm-dampness constitution was 47.1% (24/51) in the intervention group, which was higher than that in the control group (33.3%,19/57). The value of systolic blood pressure was lower in the intervention group [(135.10±2.64) mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa] than that in the control group [(138.88±2.42) mmHg] after 2 months of intervention, and the difference was statistically significant ( F value was 6.586, P<0.05). The value of diastolic blood pressure was lower in the intervention group [(80.75±3.03) mmHg] than that in the control group [(78.14±3.43) mmHg] after 3 months of intervention, and the difference was statistically significant ( F value was 6.758, P<0.05). Conclusions:On the basis of TCM physical nursing in the community, the effect of cupping therapy on reducing the score of phlegm and dampness physical fitness of elderly hypertension patients in the community, promoting the transformation of phlegm and dampness physical fitness of elderly hypertension patients in the community, and reducing the blood pressure level of elderly hypertension patients in the community is better than that of TCM physical nursing in the community, which is worth being promoted in the community.
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Objective@#To investigate the relationship between hope, mental suffering and quality of life in radiotherapy patients with cervical cancer, to provide the basis for the cancer patient′s psychological intervention.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional study of 120 cases of radiotherapy cervical cancer patients was conducted, using the psychological distress thermometer, Herth Hope Scale, Life Quality Measurement Scale for patients with cervical cancer to evaluate patients′ hope, quality of life and psychological distress.@*Results@#Radiotherapy cervical cancer patients′ psychological distress and hope were negatively correlated (r=-0.385, P <0.01), psychological distress and quality of life were negatively correlated (r=-0.602, P <0.01), hope and quality of life were positive correlation (r=0.711, P <0.01). Patients′ hope played partially mediated effect between psychological distress and quality of life, emotional status, functional status, played fully mediated effect between psychological distress and social family status. The Mediated effect sizes were 35.9%, 36.3%, 55.9% and 100.0%.@*Conclusions@#Psychological distress has not only a direct negative effect on the quality of life of cancer patients, but also an indirect negative effect through hope. During the Medical care, we should accurately assess of patient's psychological distress and hope, and take measures to help improve patients' hope and alleviate psychological distress, so as to improve patients′ quality of life.